Biological Scientists study living organisms and their relationship to their environment. They research problems dealing with life processes. Most specialize in some area of biology such as zoology (the study of animals) or microbiology (the study of microscopic organisms). Many Biological Scientists and virtually all medical scientists work in research and development.

Despite prospects of faster-than-average job growth for biological and medical scientists through 2014, doctoral degree holders can expect to face considerable competition for basic research positions.

Biological Scientists should be able to work independently or as part of a team and be able to communicate clearly and concisely, both orally and in writing.

Those in private industry, especially those who aspire to management or administrative positions, should possess strong business and communication skills and be familiar with regulatory issues, marketing and management techniques.

In addition to required courses in chemistry and biology, undergraduate biological science majors usually study allied disciplines such as mathematics, physics, and computer science.

Computer courses are important,because employers increasingly prefer job applicants who are able to apply computer skills to modeling and simulation tasks and to operate computerized laboratory equipment.

Those interested in studying the environment also should take courses in environmental studies and become familiar with current legislation and regulations.

For Biological Scientists, the Ph.D. degree usually is necessary for independent research and for advancement to administrative positions. A master’s degree is sufficient for some jobs in applied research or product development and for jobs in management, inspection, sales, and service. The bachelor’s degree is adequate for some nonresearch jobs.

Biological Scientists usually work regular hours in offices or laboratories and usually are not exposed to unsafe or unhealthy conditions. Some Biological Scientists depend on grant money to support their research. They may be under pressure to meet deadlines and to conform to rigid grant-writing specifications when preparing proposals to seek new or extended funding.